Review of Recent Advances in Transcritical CO2 Heat Pump and Refrigeration Cycles and Their Development in the Vehicle Field

Refrigerant substitution is an urgent need in the context of reducing carbon emissions and slowing global warming. CO2 now being proposed as a promising solution based on its excellent properties system performance, especially low-temperature environments. This paper presents overview recent advances configuration operation characteristics to improve performance transcritical heat pump refrigeration systems. The first introduces basic research background, cycle, thermodynamic characteristics. Secondly, cycle improvements with single modifications modification combinations are reviewed. Then, some important control methods discussed. Additionally, provides detailed description development systems vehicle field. At end this review, conclusions opportunities for future work field presented.